设计开发
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HTML Editors A simple text editor is all you need to learn HTML. Learn HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTML editors. However, for learning HTML we recommend a simple text editor like Notepad (PC) or TextEdit (Mac). We believe that using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML. Follow the steps below to create your first web page with Notepad or TextEdit. Step 1: Open Notepad (PC) Windows 8 or later: Open the Start Screen (the window symbol at the bottom left on your screen). Type Notepad. Windows 7 or earlier: Open Start > Programs > Accessories > Notepad Step 1: Open TextEdi…
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HTML Element Reference HTML Tags Ordered Alphabetically Tag Description <!--...--> Defines a comment <!DOCTYPE> Defines the document type <a> Defines a hyperlink <abbr> Defines an abbreviation or an acronym <acronym> Not supported in HTML5. Use <abbr> instead. Defines an acronym <address> Defines contact information for the author/owner of a document <applet> Not supported in HTML5. Use <embed> or <object> instead. Defines an embedded applet <area> Defines an area inside an image map <article> Defines an article <aside> Defines content aside from the page content …
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HTML Elements An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag. HTML Elements The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag: <tagname>Content goes here...</tagname> Examples of some HTML elements: <h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first paragraph.</p> Start tag Element content End tag <h1> My First Heading </h1> <p> My first paragraph. </p> <br> none none Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are called empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag! Nested HTML Elements …
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HTML Encoding (Character Sets) The HTML charset Attribute To display an HTML page correctly, a web browser must know which character set to use. The character set is specified in the <meta> tag: <meta charset="UTF-8"> The HTML specification encourages web developers to use the UTF-8 character set. UTF-8 covers almost all of the characters and symbols in the world! Learn More: Full UTF-8 Reference The ASCII Character Set ASCII was the first character encoding standard for the web. It defined 128 different latin characters that could be used on the internet: English letters (a-z and A-Z) Numbers (0-9) Some special characters: ! $ + - ( …
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HTML Entities Reserved characters in HTML must be replaced with entities: < (less than) = < > (greater than) = > HTML Character Entities Some characters are reserved in HTML. If you use the less than (<) or greater than (>) signs in your HTML text, the browser might mix them with tags. Entity names or entity numbers can be used to display reserved HTML characters. Entity names look like this: &entity_name; Entity numbers look like this: &#entity_number; To display a less than sign (<) we must write: < or < Entity names are easier to remember than entity numbers. Non-breaking Space A commonly u…
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HTML Event Attributes Global Event Attributes HTML has the ability to let events trigger actions in a browser, like starting a JavaScript when a user clicks on an element. To learn more about programming events, please visit our JavaScript tutorial. Below are the global event attributes that can be added to HTML elements to define event actions. Window Event Attributes Events triggered for the window object (applies to the <body> tag): Attribute Value Description onafterprint script Script to be run after the document is printed onbeforeprint script Script to be run before the document is printed onbeforeunload script Script to be run when the docum…
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HTML Examples HTML Basic HTML document HTML headings HTML paragraphs HTML links HTML images HTML buttons HTML lists Examples explained HTML Attributes The title attribute The href attribute The width and height attributes The alt attribute Attribute without quotes Attribute without quotes does not work Examples explained HTML Headings HTML headings HTML horizontal rules HTML head Examples explained HTML Paragraphs HTML paragraphs More HTML paragraphs The use of line breaks in HTML Poem problems (some problems with HTML formatting) How to control the line breaks and spaces with the <pre> tag Examples explained HTML Styles HTML styles HTML back…
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HTML Exercises Test your HTML skills with exercises from all categories: Exercises Tip: Sign in to track your progress. 0/51 done Introduction3 exercisesOpenDoneBasic4 exercisesOpenDoneElements3 exercisesOpenDoneAttributes5 exercisesOpenDoneHeadings3 exercisesOpenDoneParagraphs6 exercisesOpenDoneStyles7 exercisesOpenDoneFormatting6 exercisesOpenDoneQuotations5 exercisesOpenDoneComments3 exercisesOpenDoneColors3 exercisesOpenDoneRGB Colors3 exercisesOpenDoneHex Colors3 exercisesOpenDoneHSL Colors3 exercisesOpenDoneCSS5 exercisesOpenDoneLinks5 exercisesOpenDoneLink Colors3 exercisesOpenDoneBookmarks3 exercisesOpenDoneImages7 exercisesOpenDoneImage Map3 exer…
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HTML Favicon A favicon is a small image displayed next to the page title in the browser tab. How To Add a Favicon in HTML You can use any image you like as your favicon. You can also create your own favicon on sites like https://www.favicon.cc. Tip: A favicon is a small image, so it should be a simple image with high contrast. A favicon image is displayed to the left of the page title in the browser tab, like this: To add a favicon to your website, either save your favicon image to the root directory of your webserver, or create a folder in the root directory called images, and save your favicon image in this folder. A common name for a favicon image is …
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HTML File Paths A file path describes the location of a file in a web site's folder structure. File Path Examples PathDescription <img src="picture.jpg"> The "picture.jpg" file is located in the same folder as the current page <img src="images/picture.jpg"> The "picture.jpg" file is located in the images folder in the current folder <img src="/images/picture.jpg"> The "picture.jpg" file is located in the images folder at the root of the current web <img src="../picture.jpg"> The "picture.jpg" file is located in the folder one level up from the current folder HTML File Paths A file path describes the location of a file in a web site…
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HTML Form Attributes This chapter describes the different attributes for the HTML <form> element. The Action Attribute The action attribute defines the action to be performed when the form is submitted. Usually, the form data is sent to a file on the server when the user clicks on the submit button. In the example below, the form data is sent to a file called "action_page.php". This file contains a server-side script that handles the form data: Example On submit, send form data to "action_page.php": <form action="/action_page.php"> <label for="fname">First name:</label><br> <input type="text" id="fname" name="fname…
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HTML Form Elements This chapter describes all the different HTML form elements. The HTML <form> Elements The HTML <form> element can contain one or more of the following form elements: <input> <label> <select> <textarea> <button> <fieldset> <legend> <datalist> <output> <option> <optgroup> The <input> Element One of the most used form elements is the <input> element. The <input> element can be displayed in several ways, depending on the type attribute. Example <label for="fname">First name:</label> <input type="text" id="…
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HTML Forms An HTML form is used to collect user input. The user input is most often sent to a server for processing. Example The <form> Element The HTML <form> element is used to create an HTML form for user input: <form> . form elements . </form> The <form> element is a container for different types of input elements, such as: text fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, submit buttons, etc. All the different form elements are covered in this chapter: HTML Form Elements. The <input> Element The HTML <input> element is the most used form element. An <input> element can be displayed in …
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HTML Geolocation API The Geolocation API is used to get the user's current location. Locate the User's Position The Geolocation API is used to access the user's current location. Since this can compromise privacy, the location is not available unless the user approves it. Note: The Geolocation API is only available on secure contexts such as HTTPS. Tip: The Geolocation API is most accurate for devices with GPS, like smartphones or smartwatches. Browser Support The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports Geolocation. API Geolocation 5.0 12.0 3.5 …
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HTML Global Attributes HTML Global Attributes The global attributes are attributes that can be used with all HTML elements. Attribute Description accesskey Specifies a shortcut key to activate/focus an element class Specifies one or more classnames for an element (refers to a class in a style sheet) contenteditable Specifies whether the content of an element is editable or not data-* Used to store custom data private to the page or application dir Specifies the text direction for the content in an element draggable Specifies whether an element is draggable or not enterkeyhint Specifies the text of the enter-key on a virtual keyboard hidden Specifie…
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HTML Headings HTML headings are titles or subtitles that you want to display on a webpage. Example Heading 1 Heading 2 Heading 3 Heading 4 Heading 5 Heading 6 HTML Headings HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags. <h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading. Example <h1>Heading 1</h1> <h2>Heading 2</h2> <h3>Heading 3</h3> <h4>Heading 4</h4> <h5>Heading 5</h5> <h6>Heading 6</h6> Note: Browsers automatically add some white space (a margin) before and after a heading. Headings Are Important Search engi…
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HTML id Attribute The HTML id attribute is used to specify a unique id for an HTML element. You cannot have more than one element with the same id in an HTML document. The id Attribute The id attribute specifies a unique id for an HTML element. The value of the id attribute must be unique within the HTML document. The id attribute is used to point to a specific style declaration in a style sheet. It is also used by JavaScript to access and manipulate the element with the specific id. The syntax for id is: write a hash character (#), followed by an id name. Then, define the CSS properties within curly braces {}. In the following example we have an <h1>…
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HTML Iframes An HTML iframe is used to display a web page within a web page. HTML Iframe Syntax The HTML <iframe> tag specifies an inline frame. An inline frame is used to embed another document within the current HTML document. Syntax <iframe src="url" title="description"></iframe> Tip: It is a good practice to always include a title attribute for the <iframe>. This is used by screen readers to read out what the content of the iframe is. Iframe - Set Height and Width Use the height and width attributes to specify the size of the iframe. The height and width are specified in pixels by default: Example <iframe src="demo…
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HTML Images Images can improve the design and the appearance of a web page. Example <img src="pic_trulli.jpg" alt="Italian Trulli"> Example <img src="img_girl.jpg" alt="Girl in a jacket"> Example <img src="img_chania.jpg" alt="Flowers in Chania"> HTML Images Syntax The HTML <img> tag is used to embed an image in a web page. Images are not technically inserted into a web page; images are linked to web pages. The <img> tag creates a holding space for the referenced image. The <img> tag is empty, it contains attributes only, and does not have a closing tag. The <img> tag has …
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HTML Input Attributes This chapter describes the different attributes for the HTML <input> element. The value Attribute The input value attribute specifies an initial value for an input field: Example Input fields with initial (default) values: <form> <label for="fname">First name:</label><br> <input type="text" id="fname" name="fname" value="John"><br> <label for="lname">Last name:</label><br> <input type="text" id="lname" name="lname" value="Doe"> </form> The readonly Attribute The input readonly attribute specifies that an input field is read-only. A read-only …
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HTML Input form* Attributes This chapter describes the different form* attributes for the HTML <input> element. The form Attribute The input form attribute specifies the form the <input> element belongs to. The value of this attribute must be equal to the id attribute of the <form> element it belongs to. Example An input field located outside of the HTML form (but still a part of the form): <form action="/action_page.php" id="form1"> <label for="fname">First name:</label> <input type="text" id="fname" name="fname"><br><br> <input type="submit" value="Submit"> </form> &l…
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HTML Input Types This chapter describes the different types for the HTML <input> element. HTML Input Types Here are the different input types you can use in HTML: <input type="button"> <input type="checkbox"> <input type="color"> <input type="date"> <input type="datetime-local"> <input type="email"> <input type="file"> <input type="hidden"> <input type="image"> <input type="month"> <input type="number"> <input type="password"> <input type="radio"> <input type="range"> <input type="reset"> <input type="search"> <input type="subm…
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HTML Interview Preparation Try W3Schools' comprehensive Front-End interview preparation feature. A tool that will help you get ready for your next interview. W3Schools interview preparation is an interactive feature powered by AI, where you can select the role of the interviewer, ask questions, and receive guidance. After the interview training you will get an evaluation of your performance that you can use to improve yourself. What to expect in a Front-End interview If you are going to a Front-End interview, there are a few things you can expect: Coding Questions: You will be asked coding questions, and you possibly also get a task to solve. Exam…
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HTML Introduction HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages. What is HTML? HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages HTML describes the structure of a Web page HTML consists of a series of elements HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph", "this is a link", etc. A Simple HTML Document Example <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Page Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>My First Heading</h1> <p>My first …
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HTML JavaScript JavaScript makes HTML pages more dynamic and interactive. Example My First JavaScript Click me to display Date and Time The HTML <script> Tag The HTML <script> tag is used to define a client-side script (JavaScript). The <script> element either contains script statements, or it points to an external script file through the src attribute. Common uses for JavaScript are image manipulation, form validation, and dynamic changes of content. To select an HTML element, JavaScript most often uses the document.getElementById() method. This JavaScript example writes "Hello JavaScript!" into an HTML element with id="demo": E…
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