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欢迎使用本站积分系统！积分是本站的虚拟货币，可以用来解锁付费内容、购买资源、以及转赠给其他会员。本文将详细介绍积分的所有获取方式与消耗方式。 一、如何获得积分1. 注册奖励只要你完成账户注册并通过验证，系统就会自动发放一笔注册欢迎积分。这是你在本站获得的第一笔积分，开门红！ 2. 每日签到每天登录后前往签到页面完成签到，即可随机获得一定数量的积分。每天只能签到一次，坚持每天签到积累更多积分！ 3. 发帖/发布内容每当你在论坛发布新帖子、写新文章、上传图片等内容时，系统会自动奖励你一定数量的积分。内容创作越多，积分越多。（管理员可设置每日发帖奖励上限） 4. 回复/评论每次回复他人帖子或发表评论，也可以获得积分奖励。积极参与讨论，既能帮助他人，又能积累积分！（管理员可设置每日回复奖励上限） 5. 内容被点赞当其他会员对你发布的内容点赞时，你将自动获得积分奖励。内容质量越高、获得的点赞越多，赚取的积分也就越多。注意：自己给自己点赞不会获得奖励，且每日有获奖上限。 6. 出售付费资源如果你在资源下载区上传了付费文件，每当有人购买你的文件，你将自动获得销售分成（平台会保留一小部分作为手续费）。上传优质资源，持续被动收入！ 7. 充值购买积分你可以通过站内充值中心直接购买积分套餐。部分套餐在基础积分之外还会额外赠送bonus积分，购买越多越划算。 8. 消费返积分在本站商城消费真实货币时，可按一定比例换算获得积分返还（是否开启以管理员设置为准）。 9. 其他会员转账其他会员可以直接将积分转给你，转账到账的积分会实时更新到你的余额中。 10. 管理员奖励管理员可能会因为举报违规、参加活动、贡献优质内容等原因，手动为你发放积分奖励。 二、积分可以用来做什么1. 解锁付费帖子/内容部分帖子或文章的作者设置了积分价格，需要支付一定积分才能查看完整内容。支付后即可永久查看，无需重复付费。若余额不足，系统会引导你前往充值中心补充积分。 2. 购买付费资源文件资源下载区的部分资源需要使用积分购买才能下载。购买后即永久拥有下载权限。 3. 转账给其他会员你可以将自己的积分转账给其他会员。转账时可能会产生少量手续费（具体比例以站内公告为准）。 4. 管理员扣除若有违规行为，管理员有权扣除你的积分，请遵守社区规范。 温馨提示所有积分变动（获得或消耗）都会收到站内通知，可在通知中心查看详情。 积分余额及历史记录可在个人中心的「积分」页面随时查看。 如有疑问，欢迎联系管理员。 祝大家在本站玩得开心，积分满满！🎉

HuoNiu QQ 登录 for XenForo 2.3 HuoNiu QQ 登录是专为 XenForo 2.3 打造的 QQ OAuth2 第三方登录插件，基于 XenForo 原生 Connected Account 体系深度集成，与 Google、Facebook 等官方提供商保持同等架构标准。 无需安装额外依赖，开箱即用。 ✨ 核心功能QQ 一键登录 / 注册 — 用户通过 QQ 授权即可完成登录或注册，无需填写密码 自动同步 QQ 头像 — 注册时自动拉取 QQ 头像作为论坛头像 智能用户名处理 — 自动使用 QQ 昵称作为用户名，过滤非法字符，支持 CJK 中文，自动处理重名冲突 灵活兜底策略 — 昵称为空或不可用时，以可配置前缀 + OpenID 后缀自动生成用户名 绑定已有账号 — 现有用户可在账户设置中绑定 QQ，后续直接 QQ 登录 管理后台可视化配置 — App ID、App Key 填入即生效，无需改动任何代码 文件信息 提交者 OKAA 提交于 02/23/26 类别 XenForo 查看文件

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IPS-OKSEO Pro — Invision Community 5.x 全栈 SEO 增强插件 IPS-OKSEO Pro 是一款深度整合 IPS 框架的 SEO 全功能插件，覆盖从内容发布到搜索引擎收录的完整链路，帮助站长无需任何第三方工具即可完成全站 SEO 优化与管理。 主要功能多引擎一键推送 支持 Google Search Console、Bing Webmaster、百度主动推送、Yandex（IndexNow），发布内容后自动触发推送，无需手动登录任何站长平台。 Open Graph & Schema.org 全站注入 自动为所有页面补全 OG 标签和 JSON-LD 结构化数据，提升社交分享展示效果与搜索结果富摘要。 SEO 健康评分 实时抓取分析任意页面，从标题、描述、H1、图片 Alt、Canonical、结构化数据等 10+ 维度打分（满分 100），并给出具体优化建议。 Meta 覆盖管理 无需修改主题，直接在后台为任意 URL 设置自定义 Title / Description / Keywords，支持全站统一标题后缀规则。 批量 Meta 分析 批量输入多个 URL，一次性检测所有页面的 SEO 核心指标，快速定位全站短板。 死链监控 & 301 跳转管理 自动捕获 404 错误并归档，支持一键转化为 301 跳转规则，防止权重流失。 Robots.txt 在线管理 在线编辑、下载、恢复默认，修改即时生效。 图片 Alt 扫描 扫描全站内容，找出所有缺少 Alt 属性的图片，精准定位修复。 兼容性Invision Community 5.x 无任何第三方依赖，纯原生 IPS 实现 文件信息 提交者 OKAA 提交于 02/18/26 类别 Invision Community 查看文件

Keyboard ShortcutsKeyboard Shortcuts For Windows and MacKeyboard shortcuts are often used in modern operating systems and computer software programs. Learning and using keyboard shortcuts can save you a lot of time. Basic ShortcutsDescription Windows Mac OS Edit menu Alt + E Ctrl + F2 + F File menu Alt + F Ctrl + F2 + E View menu Alt + V Ctrl + F2 + V Select all text Ctrl + A Cmd + A Copy text Ctrl + C Cmd + C Find text Ctrl + F Cmd + F Find and replace text Ctrl + H Cmd + F New Document Ctrl + N Cmd + N Open a file Ctrl + O Cmd + O Print options Ctrl + P Cmd + P Save file Ctrl + S Cmd + S Paste text Ctrl + V Cmd + V Cut text Ctrl + X Cmd + X Redo text Ctrl + Y Shift + Cmd + Z Undo text Ctrl + Z Cmd + Z Text EditingDescription Windows Mac OS Cursor Movement Go to the right or to the beginning of next line break Right Arrow Right Arrow Go to the left or to the end of previous line break Left Arrow Left Arrow Go up one row Up Arrow Up Arrow Go down one row Down Arrow Down Arrow Go to the beginning of the current line Home Cmd + Left Arrow Go to the end of the current line End Cmd + Right Arrow Go to the beginning of the document Ctrl + Home Cmd + Up Arrow Go to the end of the document Ctrl + End Cmd + Down Arrow Move up one frame Page Up Fn + Up Arrow Move down one frame Page Down Fn + Down Arrow Go to beginning of previous word Ctrl + Left Arrow Option + Left Arrow Go to beginning of next word Ctrl + Right Arrow Option + Right Arrow Go to beginning of line break Ctrl + Up Arrow Cmd + Left Arrow Go to end of line break Ctrl + Down Arrow Cmd + Right Arrow Text Selection Select characters to the left Shift + Left Arrow Shift + Left Arrow Select characters to the right Shift + Right Arrow Shift + Right Arrow Select lines upwards Shift + Up Arrow Shift + Up Arrow Select lines downwards Shift + Down Arrow Shift + Down Arrow Select words to the left Shift + Ctrl + Left Shift + Opt + Left Select words to the right Shift + Ctrl + Right Shift + Opt + Right Select paragraphs to the left Shift + Ctrl + Up Shift + Opt + Up Select paragraphs to the right Shift + Ctrl + Down Shift + Opt + Down Select text between the cursor and the beginning of the current line Shift + Home Cmd + Shift + Left Arrow Select text between the cursor and the end of the current line Shift + End Cmd + Shift + Right Arrow Select text between the cursor and the beginning of the document Shift + Ctrl + Home Cmd + Shift + Up Arrow or Cmd + Shift + Fn + Left Arrow Select text between the cursor and the end of the document Shift + Ctrl + End Cmd + Shift + Down Arrow or Cmd + Shift + Fn + Right Arrow Select one frame at a time of text above the cursor Shift + Page Up Shift + Fn + Up Arrow Select one frame at a time of text below the cursor Shift + Page Down Shift + Fn + Down Arrow Select all text Ctrl + A Cmd + A Find text Ctrl + F Cmd + F Text Formatting Make selected text bold Ctrl + B Cmd + B Make selected text italic Ctrl + I Cmd + I Underline selected text Ctrl + U Cmd + U Make selected text superscript Ctrl + Shift + = Cmd + Shift + = Make selected text subscript Ctrl + = Cmd + = Text Editing Delete characters to the left Backspace Backspace Delete characters to the right Delete Fn + Backspace Delete words to the right Ctrl + Del Cmd + Backspace Delete words to the left Ctrl + Backspace Cmd + Fn + Backspace Indent Tab Tab Outdent Shift + Tab Shift + Tab Copy text Ctrl + C Cmd + C Find and replace text Ctrl + H Cmd + F Paste text Ctrl + V Cmd + V Cut text Ctrl + X Cmd + X Redo text Ctrl + Y Shift + Cmd + Z Undo text Ctrl + Z Cmd + Z Web BrowsersDescription Windows Mac OS Navigation Scroll down a frame Space or Page Down Space or Fn + Down Arrow Scroll up a frame Shift + Space or Page Up Shift + Space or Fn + Up Arrow Go to bottom of the page End Cmd + Down Arrow Go to top of the page Home Cmd + Up Arrow Go back Alt + Left Arrow or Backspace Cmd + Left Arrow Go forward Alt + Right Arrow or Shift + Backspace Cmd + Right Arrow Refresh a webpage F5 Cmd + R Refresh a webpage (no cache) Ctrl + F5 Cmd + Shift + R Stop Esc Esc Toggle full-screen F11 Cmd + Shift + F Zoom in Ctrl + + Cmd + + Zoom out Ctrl + - Cmd + - Zoom 100% (default) Ctrl + 0 Cmd + 0 Open homepage Alt + Home Option + Home or Option + Fn + Left Arrow Find text Ctrl + F Cmd + F Tab / Window Management Open a new tab Ctrl + T Cmd + T Close current tab Ctrl + W Cmd + W Close all tabs Ctrl + Shift + W Cmd + Q Close all tabs except the current tab Ctrl + Alt + F4 Cmd + Opt + W Go to next tab Ctrl + Tab Control + Tab or Cmd + Shift + Right Arrow Go to previous tab Ctrl + Shift + Tab Shift + Control + Tab or Cmd + Shift + Left Arrow Go to a specific tab number Ctrl + 1-8 Cmd + 1-8 Go to the last tab Ctrl + 9 Cmd + 9 Reopen the last closed tab Ctrl + Shift + T Cmd + Shift + T Open a new window Ctrl + N Cmd + N Close current window Alt + F4 Cmd + W Go to next window Alt + Tab Cmd + Tab Go to previous window Alt + Shift + Tab Cmd + Shift + Tab Reopen the last closed window Ctrl + Shift + N Open links in a new tab in the background Ctrl + Click Cmd + Click Open links in a new tab in the foreground Ctrl + Shift + Click Cmd + Shift + Click Print current webpage Ctrl + P Cmd + P Save current webpage Ctrl + S Cmd + S Address Bar Cycle between toolbar, search bar, and page elements Tab Tab Go to browser's address bar Ctrl + L or Alt + D Cmd + L Focus and select the browser's search bar Ctrl + E Cmd + E / Cmd + K Open the address bar location in a new tab Alt + Enter Opt + Enter Display a list of previously typed addresses F4 Add "www." to the beginning and ".com" to the end of the text typed in the address bar (e.g., type "w3schools" and press Ctrl + Enter to open "www.w3schools.com") Ctrl + Enter Cmd + Enter or Control + Enter Bookmarks Open the bookmarks menu Ctrl + B Cmd + B Add bookmark for current page Ctrl + D Cmd + Opt + B or Cmd + Shift + B Open browsing history Ctrl + H Cmd + Shift + H or Cmd + Y Open download history Ctrl + J Cmd + J or Cmd + Shift + J ScreenshotsDescription Windows Mac OS Save screenshot of the whole screen as file Cmd + Shift + 3 Copy screenshot of the whole screen to the clipboard PrtScr (Print Screen) or Ctrl + PrtScr Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 3 Save screenshot of window as file Cmd + Shift + 4, then Space Copy screenshot of window to the clipboard Alt + PrtScr Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 4, then Space Copy screenshot of wanted area to the clipboard Cmd + Ctrl + Shift + 4 Save screenshot of wanted area as file Cmd + Shift + 4 Note: Due to different keyboard setups, some shortcuts may not be compatible for all users.

Pixels to Ems ConversionPixel to Em ConverterThe tool below allows you to work out the em sizes from pixels (or vice versa). Set a default pixel size for body (usually 16px) Then, convert a pixel value to em, based on the default pixel size Or, convert an em value to pixels, based on the default pixel size Set a default pixel size: px Convert PX to EM: px Convert EM to PX: em Convert Result: Body Font SizeIn the table below, select a body font size in pixels (px) to display a complete "px to em and percent" conversion table. Tip: The default font size is usually 16px. What is the difference between PX, EM and Percent? Pixel is a static measurement, while percent and EM are relative measurements. The size of an EM or percent depends on its parent. If the text size of body is 16 pixels, then 150% or 1.5 EM will be 24 pixels (1.5 * 16). Look at CSS Units for more measurement units.

HTTP Request Methods What is HTTP? The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is designed to enable communications between clients and servers. HTTP works as a request-response protocol between a client and server. Example: A client (browser) sends an HTTP request to the server; then the server returns a response to the client. The response contains status information about the request and may also contain the requested content. HTTP Methods GET POST PUT HEAD DELETE PATCH OPTIONS CONNECT TRACE The two most common HTTP methods are: GET and POST. The GET Method GET is used to request data from a specified resource. Note that the query string (name/value pairs) is sent in the URL of a GET request: /test/demo_form.php?name1=value1&name2=value2 Some notes on GET requests: GET requests can be cached GET requests remain in the browser history GET requests can be bookmarked GET requests should never be used when dealing with sensitive data GET requests have length restrictions GET requests are only used to request data (not modify) The POST Method POST is used to send data to a server to create/update a resource. The data sent to the server with POST is stored in the request body of the HTTP request: POST /test/demo_form.php HTTP/1.1 Host: w3schools.com name1=value1&name2=value2 Some notes on POST requests: POST requests are never cached POST requests do not remain in the browser history POST requests cannot be bookmarked POST requests have no restrictions on data length Compare GET vs. POST The following table compares the two HTTP methods: GET and POST. GET POST BACK button/Reload Harmless Data will be re-submitted (the browser should alert the user that the data are about to be re-submitted) Bookmarked Can be bookmarked Cannot be bookmarked Cached Can be cached Not cached Encoding type application/x-www-form-urlencoded application/x-www-form-urlencoded or multipart/form-data. Use multipart encoding for binary data History Parameters remain in browser history Parameters are not saved in browser history Restrictions on data length Yes, when sending data, the GET method adds the data to the URL; and the length of a URL is limited (maximum URL length is 2048 characters) No restrictions Restrictions on data type Only ASCII characters allowed No restrictions. Binary data is also allowed Security GET is less secure compared to POST because data sent is part of the URL Never use GET when sending passwords or other sensitive information! POST is a little safer than GET because the parameters are not stored in browser history or in web server logs Visibility Data is visible to everyone in the URL Data is not displayed in the URL The PUT Method PUT is used to send data to a server to create/update a resource. The difference between POST and PUT is that PUT requests are idempotent. That is, calling the same PUT request multiple times will always produce the same result. In contrast, calling a POST request repeatedly have side effects of creating the same resource multiple times. The HEAD Method HEAD is almost identical to GET, but without the response body. In other words, if GET /users returns a list of users, then HEAD /users will make the same request but will not return the list of users. A HEAD request is useful for checking what a GET request will return before actually making a GET request - a HEAD request can read the Content-Length header to check the size of the file, without actually downloading the file. The DELETE Method The DELETE method deletes the specified resource. The PATCH Method The PATCH method is used to apply partial modifications to a resource. The OPTIONS Method The OPTIONS method describes the communication options for the target resource. The CONNECT Method The CONNECT method is used to start a two-way communications (a tunnel) with the requested resource. The TRACE Method The TRACE method is used to perform a message loop-back test that tests the path for the target resource (useful for debugging purposes).

HTTP Status Messages HTML Error Messages When a browser requests a service from a web server, an error might occur, and the server might return an error code like "404 Not Found". It is common to name these errors HTML error messages. But these messages are something called HTTP status messages. In fact, the server always returns a message for every request. The most common message is 200 OK. Below is a list of HTTP status messages that might be returned: 1xx: Information Message: Description: 100 Continue The server has received the request headers, and the client should proceed to send the request body 101 Switching Protocols The requester has asked the server to switch protocols 103 Early Hints Used with the Link header to allow the browser to start preloading resources while the server prepares a response 2xx: Successful Message: Description: 200 OK The request is OK (this is the standard response for successful HTTP requests) 201 Created The request has been fulfilled, and a new resource is created 202 Accepted The request has been accepted for processing, but the processing has not been completed 203 Non-Authoritative Information The request has been successfully processed, but is returning information that may be from another source 204 No Content The request has been successfully processed, but is not returning any content 205 Reset Content The request has been successfully processed, but is not returning any content, and requires that the requester reset the document view 206 Partial Content The server is delivering only part of the resource due to a range header sent by the client 3xx: Redirection Message: Description: 300 Multiple Choices A link list. The user can select a link and go to that location. Maximum five addresses 301 Moved Permanently The requested page has moved to a new URL 302 Found The requested page has moved temporarily to a new URL 303 See Other The requested page can be found under a different URL 304 Not Modified Indicates the requested page has not been modified since last requested 307 Temporary Redirect The requested page has moved temporarily to a new URL 308 Permanent Redirect The requested page has moved permanently to a new URL 4xx: Client Error Message: Description: 400 Bad Request The request cannot be fulfilled due to bad syntax 401 Unauthorized The request was a legal request, but the server is refusing to respond to it. For use when authentication is possible but has failed or not yet been provided 402 Payment Required Reserved for future use 403 Forbidden The request was a legal request, but the server is refusing to respond to it 404 Not Found The requested page could not be found but may be available again in the future 405 Method Not Allowed A request was made of a page using a request method not supported by that page 406 Not Acceptable The server can only generate a response that is not accepted by the client 407 Proxy Authentication Required The client must first authenticate itself with the proxy 408 Request Timeout The server timed out waiting for the request 409 Conflict The request could not be completed because of a conflict in the request 410 Gone The requested page is no longer available 411 Length Required The "Content-Length" is not defined. The server will not accept the request without it 412 Precondition Failed The precondition given in the request evaluated to false by the server 413 Request Too Large The server will not accept the request, because the request entity is too large 414 Request-URI Too Long The server will not accept the request, because the URI is too long. Occurs when you convert a POST request to a GET request with a long query information 415 Unsupported Media Type The server will not accept the request, because the media type is not supported 416 Range Not Satisfiable The client has asked for a portion of the file, but the server cannot supply that portion 417 Expectation Failed The server cannot meet the requirements of the Expect request-header field 5xx: Server Error Message: Description: 500 Internal Server Error A generic error message, given when no more specific message is suitable 501 Not Implemented The server either does not recognize the request method, or it lacks the ability to fulfill the request 502 Bad Gateway The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and received an invalid response from the upstream server 503 Service Unavailable The server is currently unavailable (overloaded or down) 504 Gateway Timeout The server was acting as a gateway or proxy and did not receive a timely response from the upstream server 505 HTTP Version Not Supported The server does not support the HTTP protocol version used in the request 511 Network Authentication Required The client needs to authenticate to gain network access

HTML Language Code Reference ISO Language Codes You should always include the lang attribute inside the <html> tag, to declare the language of the Web page. This is meant to assist search engines and browsers: <html lang="en"> ... </html> In XHTML, the language is declared inside the <html> tag as follows: <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> ... </html> ISO 639-1 Language Codes ISO 639-1 defines abbreviations for languages: See also: Reference for Country Codes. Language ISO Code Abkhazian ab Afar aa Afrikaans af Akan ak Albanian sq Amharic am Arabic ar Aragonese an Armenian hy Assamese as Avaric av Avestan ae Aymara ay Azerbaijani az Bambara bm Bashkir ba Basque eu Belarusian be Bengali (Bangla) bn Bihari bh Bislama bi Bosnian bs Breton br Bulgarian bg Burmese my Catalan ca Chamorro ch Chechen ce Chichewa, Chewa, Nyanja ny Chinese zh Chinese (Simplified) zh-Hans Chinese (Traditional) zh-Hant Chuvash cv Cornish kw Corsican co Cree cr Croatian hr Czech cs Danish da Divehi, Dhivehi, Maldivian dv Dutch nl Dzongkha dz English en Esperanto eo Estonian et Ewe ee Faroese fo Fijian fj Finnish fi French fr Fula, Fulah, Pulaar, Pular ff Galician gl Gaelic (Scottish) gd Gaelic (Manx) gv Georgian ka German de Greek el Greenlandic kl Guarani gn Gujarati gu Haitian Creole ht Hausa ha Hebrew he Herero hz Hindi hi Hiri Motu ho Hungarian hu Icelandic is Ido io Igbo ig Indonesian id, in Interlingua ia Interlingue ie Inuktitut iu Inupiak ik Irish ga Italian it Japanese ja Javanese jv Kalaallisut, Greenlandic kl Kannada kn Kanuri kr Kashmiri ks Kazakh kk Khmer km Kikuyu ki Kinyarwanda (Rwanda) rw Kirundi rn Kyrgyz ky Komi kv Kongo kg Korean ko Kurdish ku Kwanyama kj Lao lo Latin la Latvian (Lettish) lv Limburgish ( Limburger) li Lingala ln Lithuanian lt Luga-Katanga lu Luganda, Ganda lg Luxembourgish lb Manx gv Macedonian mk Malagasy mg Malay ms Malayalam ml Maltese mt Maori mi Marathi mr Marshallese mh Moldavian mo Mongolian mn Nauru na Navajo nv Ndonga ng Northern Ndebele nd Nepali ne Norwegian no Norwegian bokmål nb Norwegian nynorsk nn Nuosu ii Occitan oc Ojibwe oj Old Church Slavonic, Old Bulgarian cu Oriya or Oromo (Afaan Oromo) om Ossetian os Pāli pi Pashto, Pushto ps Persian (Farsi) fa Polish pl Portuguese pt Punjabi (Eastern) pa Quechua qu Romansh rm Romanian ro Russian ru Sami se Samoan sm Sango sg Sanskrit sa Serbian sr Serbo-Croatian sh Sesotho st Setswana tn Shona sn Sichuan Yi ii Sindhi sd Sinhalese si Siswati ss Slovak sk Slovenian sl Somali so Southern Ndebele nr Spanish es Sundanese su Swahili (Kiswahili) sw Swati ss Swedish sv Tagalog tl Tahitian ty Tajik tg Tamil ta Tatar tt Telugu te Thai th Tibetan bo Tigrinya ti Tonga to Tsonga ts Turkish tr Turkmen tk Twi tw Uyghur ug Ukrainian uk Urdu ur Uzbek uz Venda ve Vietnamese vi Volapük vo Wallon wa Welsh cy Wolof wo Western Frisian fy Xhosa xh Yiddish yi, ji Yoruba yo Zhuang, Chuang za Zulu zu

HTML URL Encoding Reference URL - Uniform Resource Locator Web browsers request pages from web servers by using a URL. The URL is the address of a web page, like: https://www.w3schools.com. URL Encoding (Percent Encoding) URL encoding converts characters into a format that can be transmitted over the Internet. URLs can only be sent over the Internet using the ASCII character-set. Since URLs often contain characters outside the ASCII set, the URL has to be converted into a valid ASCII format. URL encoding replaces unsafe ASCII characters with a "%" followed by two hexadecimal digits. URLs cannot contain spaces. URL encoding normally replaces a space with a plus (+) sign or with %20. Try It Yourself If you click the "Submit" button below, the browser will URL encode the input before it is sent to the server. A page at the server will display the received input. Try some other input and click Submit again. URL Encoding Functions In JavaScript, PHP, and ASP there are functions that can be used to URL encode a string. PHP has the rawurlencode() function, and ASP has the Server.URLEncode() function. In JavaScript you can use the encodeURIComponent() function. Click the "URL Encode" button to see how the JavaScript function encodes the text. Note: The JavaScript function encodes space as %20. ASCII Encoding Reference Your browser will encode input, according to the character-set used in your page. The default character-set in HTML5 is UTF-8. Character From Windows-1252 From UTF-8 space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` %60 %60 a %61 %61 b %62 %62 c %63 %63 d %64 %64 e %65 %65 f %66 %66 g %67 %67 h %68 %68 i %69 %69 j %6A %6A k %6B %6B l %6C %6C m %6D %6D n %6E %6E o %6F %6F p %70 %70 q %71 %71 r %72 %72 s %73 %73 t %74 %74 u %75 %75 v %76 %76 w %77 %77 x %78 %78 y %79 %79 z %7A %7A { %7B %7B | %7C %7C } %7D %7D ~ %7E %7E %7F %7F € %80 %E2%82%AC  %81 %81 ‚ %82 %E2%80%9A ƒ %83 %C6%92 „ %84 %E2%80%9E … %85 %E2%80%A6 † %86 %E2%80%A0 ‡ %87 %E2%80%A1 ˆ %88 %CB%86 ‰ %89 %E2%80%B0 Š %8A %C5%A0 ‹ %8B %E2%80%B9 Œ %8C %C5%92  %8D %C5%8D Ž %8E %C5%BD  %8F %8F  %90 %C2%90 ‘ %91 %E2%80%98 ' %92 %E2%80%99 “ %93 %E2%80%9C ” %94 %E2%80%9D • %95 %E2%80%A2 – %96 %E2%80%93 — %97 %E2%80%94 ˜ %98 %CB%9C ™ %99 %E2%84 š %9A %C5%A1 › %9B %E2%80 œ %9C %C5%93  %9D %9D ž %9E %C5%BE Ÿ %9F %C5%B8 %A0 %C2%A0 ¡ %A1 %C2%A1 ¢ %A2 %C2%A2 £ %A3 %C2%A3 ¤ %A4 %C2%A4 ¥ %A5 %C2%A5 ¦ %A6 %C2%A6 § %A7 %C2%A7 ¨ %A8 %C2%A8 © %A9 %C2%A9 ª %AA %C2%AA « %AB %C2%AB ¬ %AC %C2%AC ­ %AD %C2%AD ® %AE %C2%AE ¯ %AF %C2%AF ° %B0 %C2%B0 ± %B1 %C2%B1 ² %B2 %C2%B2 ³ %B3 %C2%B3 ´ %B4 %C2%B4 µ %B5 %C2%B5 ¶ %B6 %C2%B6 · %B7 %C2%B7 ¸ %B8 %C2%B8 ¹ %B9 %C2%B9 º %BA %C2%BA » %BB %C2%BB ¼ %BC %C2%BC ½ %BD %C2%BD ¾ %BE %C2%BE ¿ %BF %C2%BF À %C0 %C3%80 Á %C1 %C3%81  %C2 %C3%82 à %C3 %C3%83 Ä %C4 %C3%84 Å %C5 %C3%85 Æ %C6 %C3%86 Ç %C7 %C3%87 È %C8 %C3%88 É %C9 %C3%89 Ê %CA %C3%8A Ë %CB %C3%8B Ì %CC %C3%8C Í %CD %C3%8D Î %CE %C3%8E Ï %CF %C3%8F Ð %D0 %C3%90 Ñ %D1 %C3%91 Ò %D2 %C3%92 Ó %D3 %C3%93 Ô %D4 %C3%94 Õ %D5 %C3%95 Ö %D6 %C3%96 × %D7 %C3%97 Ø %D8 %C3%98 Ù %D9 %C3%99 Ú %DA %C3%9A Û %DB %C3%9B Ü %DC %C3%9C Ý %DD %C3%9D Þ %DE %C3%9E ß %DF %C3%9F à %E0 %C3%A0 á %E1 %C3%A1 â %E2 %C3%A2 ã %E3 %C3%A3 ä %E4 %C3%A4 å %E5 %C3%A5 æ %E6 %C3%A6 ç %E7 %C3%A7 è %E8 %C3%A8 é %E9 %C3%A9 ê %EA %C3%AA ë %EB %C3%AB ì %EC %C3%AC í %ED %C3%AD î %EE %C3%AE ï %EF %C3%AF ð %F0 %C3%B0 ñ %F1 %C3%B1 ò %F2 %C3%B2 ó %F3 %C3%B3 ô %F4 %C3%B4 õ %F5 %C3%B5 ö %F6 %C3%B6 ÷ %F7 %C3%B7 ø %F8 %C3%B8 ù %F9 %C3%B9 ú %FA %C3%BA û %FB %C3%BB ü %FC %C3%BC ý %FD %C3%BD þ %FE %C3%BE ÿ %FF %C3%BF URL Encoding Reference The ASCII control characters %00-%1F were originally designed to control hardware devices. Control characters have nothing to do inside a URL. ASCII Character Description URL-encoding NUL null character %00 SOH start of header %01 STX start of text %02 ETX end of text %03 EOT end of transmission %04 ENQ enquiry %05 ACK acknowledge %06 BEL bell (ring) %07 BS backspace %08 HT horizontal tab %09 LF line feed %0A VT vertical tab %0B FF form feed %0C CR carriage return %0D SO shift out %0E SI shift in %0F DLE data link escape %10 DC1 device control 1 %11 DC2 device control 2 %12 DC3 device control 3 %13 DC4 device control 4 %14 NAK negative acknowledge %15 SYN synchronize %16 ETB end transmission block %17 CAN cancel %18 EM end of medium %19 SUB substitute %1A ESC escape %1B FS file separator %1C GS group separator %1D RS record separator %1E US unit separator %1F

HTML Character Sets Common HTML Character Sets The default character set in HTML5 is UTF-8. For a closer look, visit our Complete HTML Character Set Reference. Number ASCII ANSI 8859-1 UTF-8 Description 32 space 33!!!!exclamation mark 34""""quotation mark 35####number sign 36$$$$dollar sign 37%%%%percent sign 38&&&&ampersand 39''''apostrophe 40((((left parenthesis 41))))right parenthesis 42****asterisk 43++++plus sign 44,,,,comma 45----hyphen-minus 46....full stop 47////solidus 480000digit zero 491111digit one 502222digit two 513333digit three 524444digit four 535555digit five 546666digit six 557777digit seven 568888digit eight 579999digit nine 58::::colon 59;;;;semicolon 60<<<<less-than sign 61====equals sign 62>>>>greater-than sign 63????question mark 64@@@@commercial at 65AAAALatin capital letter A 66BBBBLatin capital letter B 67CCCCLatin capital letter C 68DDDDLatin capital letter D 69EEEELatin capital letter E 70FFFFLatin capital letter F 71GGGGLatin capital letter G 72HHHHLatin capital letter H 73IIIILatin capital letter I 74JJJJLatin capital letter J 75KKKKLatin capital letter K 76LLLLLatin capital letter L 77MMMMLatin capital letter M 78NNNNLatin capital letter N 79OOOOLatin capital letter O 80PPPPLatin capital letter P 81QQQQLatin capital letter Q 82RRRRLatin capital letter R 83SSSSLatin capital letter S 84TTTTLatin capital letter T 85UUUULatin capital letter U 86VVVVLatin capital letter V 87WWWWLatin capital letter W 88XXXXLatin capital letter X 89YYYYLatin capital letter Y 90ZZZZLatin capital letter Z 91[[[[left square bracket 92\\\\reverse solidus 93]]]]right square bracket 94^^^^circumflex accent 95____low line 96````grave accent 97aaaaLatin small letter a 98bbbbLatin small letter b 99ccccLatin small letter c 100ddddLatin small letter d 101eeeeLatin small letter e 102ffffLatin small letter f 103ggggLatin small letter g 104hhhhLatin small letter h 105iiiiLatin small letter i 106jjjjLatin small letter j 107kkkkLatin small letter k 108llllLatin small letter l 109mmmmLatin small letter m 110nnnnLatin small letter n 111ooooLatin small letter o 112ppppLatin small letter p 113qqqqLatin small letter q 114rrrrLatin small letter r 115ssssLatin small letter s 116ttttLatin small letter t 117uuuuLatin small letter u 118vvvvLatin small letter v 119wwwwLatin small letter w 120xxxxLatin small letter x 121yyyyLatin small letter y 122zzzzLatin small letter z 123{{{{left curly bracket 124||||vertical line 125}}}}right curly bracket 126~~~~tilde 127DEL 128 € euro sign 129 NOT USED 130 ‚ single low-9 quotation mark 131 ƒ Latin small letter f with hook 132 „ double low-9 quotation mark 133 … horizontal ellipsis 134 † dagger 135 ‡ double dagger 136 ˆ modifier letter circumflex accent 137 ‰ per mille sign 138 Š Latin capital letter S with caron 139 ‹ single left-pointing angle quotation mark 140 Œ Latin capital ligature OE 141 NOT USED 142 Ž Latin capital letter Z with caron 143 NOT USED 144 NOT USED 145 ‘ left single quotation mark 146 ’ right single quotation mark 147 “ left double quotation mark 148 ” right double quotation mark 149 • bullet 150 – en dash 151 — em dash 152 ˜ small tilde 153 ™ trade mark sign 154 š Latin small letter s with caron 155 › single right-pointing angle quotation mark 156 œ Latin small ligature oe 157 NOT USED 158 ž Latin small letter z with caron 159 Ÿ Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis 160 no-break space 161 ¡¡¡inverted exclamation mark 162 ¢¢¢cent sign 163 £££pound sign 164 ¤¤¤currency sign 165 ¥¥¥yen sign 166 ¦¦¦broken bar 167 §§§section sign 168 ¨¨¨diaeresis 169 ©©©copyright sign 170 ªªªfeminine ordinal indicator 171 «««left-pointing double angle quotation mark 172 ¬¬¬not sign 173 ­­­soft hyphen 174 ®®®registered sign 175 ¯¯¯macron 176 °°°degree sign 177 ±±±plus-minus sign 178 ²²²superscript two 179 ³³³superscript three 180 ´´´acute accent 181 µµµmicro sign 182 ¶¶¶pilcrow sign 183 ···middle dot 184 ¸¸¸cedilla 185 ¹¹¹superscript one 186 ºººmasculine ordinal indicator 187 »»»right-pointing double angle quotation mark 188 ¼¼¼vulgar fraction one quarter 189 ½½½vulgar fraction one half 190 ¾¾¾vulgar fraction three quarters 191 ¿¿¿inverted question mark 192 ÀÀÀLatin capital letter A with grave 193 ÁÁÁLatin capital letter A with acute 194 ÂÂÂLatin capital letter A with circumflex 195 ÃÃÃLatin capital letter A with tilde 196 ÄÄÄLatin capital letter A with diaeresis 197 ÅÅÅLatin capital letter A with ring above 198 ÆÆÆLatin capital letter AE 199 ÇÇÇLatin capital letter C with cedilla 200 ÈÈÈLatin capital letter E with grave 201 ÉÉÉLatin capital letter E with acute 202 ÊÊÊLatin capital letter E with circumflex 203 ËËËLatin capital letter E with diaeresis 204 ÌÌÌLatin capital letter I with grave 205 ÍÍÍLatin capital letter I with acute 206 ÎÎÎLatin capital letter I with circumflex 207 ÏÏÏLatin capital letter I with diaeresis 208 ÐÐÐLatin capital letter Eth 209 ÑÑÑLatin capital letter N with tilde 210 ÒÒÒLatin capital letter O with grave 211 ÓÓÓLatin capital letter O with acute 212 ÔÔÔLatin capital letter O with circumflex 213 ÕÕÕLatin capital letter O with tilde 214 ÖÖÖLatin capital letter O with diaeresis 215 ×××multiplication sign 216 ØØØLatin capital letter O with stroke 217 ÙÙÙLatin capital letter U with grave 218 ÚÚÚLatin capital letter U with acute 219 ÛÛÛLatin capital letter U with circumflex 220 ÜÜÜLatin capital letter U with diaeresis 221 ÝÝÝLatin capital letter Y with acute 222 ÞÞÞLatin capital letter Thorn 223 ßßßLatin small letter sharp s 224 àààLatin small letter a with grave 225 áááLatin small letter a with acute 226 âââLatin small letter a with circumflex 227 ãããLatin small letter a with tilde 228 äääLatin small letter a with diaeresis 229 åååLatin small letter a with ring above 230 æææLatin small letter ae 231 çççLatin small letter c with cedilla 232 èèèLatin small letter e with grave 233 éééLatin small letter e with acute 234 êêêLatin small letter e with circumflex 235 ëëëLatin small letter e with diaeresis 236 ìììLatin small letter i with grave 237 íííLatin small letter i with acute 238 îîîLatin small letter i with circumflex 239 ïïïLatin small letter i with diaeresis 240 ðððLatin small letter eth 241 ñññLatin small letter n with tilde 242 òòòLatin small letter o with grave 243 óóóLatin small letter o with acute 244 ôôôLatin small letter o with circumflex 245 õõõLatin small letter o with tilde 246 öööLatin small letter o with diaeresis 247 ÷÷÷division sign 248 øøøLatin small letter o with stroke 249 ùùùLatin small letter u with grave 250 úúúLatin small letter u with acute 251 ûûûLatin small letter with circumflex 252 üüüLatin small letter u with diaeresis 253 ýýýLatin small letter y with acute 254 þþþLatin small letter thorn 255 ÿÿÿLatin small letter y with diaeresis

HTML <!DOCTYPE> The HTML Document Type All HTML documents must start with a <!DOCTYPE> declaration. The declaration is not an HTML tag. It is an "information" to the browser about what document type to expect. In HTML5, the <!DOCTYPE> declaration is simple: <!DOCTYPE html> In older documents (HTML 4 or XHTML), the declaration is more complicated because the declaration must refer to a DTD (Document Type Definition). <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd"> You can read more about document types in the <!DOCTYPE> reference. Valid HTML Elements in Different DOCTYPES Tag HTML 5 HTML 4 XHTML <a> Yes Yes Yes <abbr> Yes Yes Yes <acronym> No Yes Yes <address> Yes Yes Yes <applet> No Yes No <area> Yes Yes No <article> Yes No No <aside> Yes No No <audio> Yes No No <b> Yes Yes Yes <base> Yes Yes Yes <basefont> No Yes No <bdi> Yes No No <bdo> Yes Yes No <big> No Yes Yes <blockquote> Yes Yes Yes <body> Yes Yes Yes <br> Yes Yes Yes <button> Yes Yes Yes <canvas> Yes No No <caption> Yes Yes Yes <center> No Yes No <cite> Yes Yes Yes <code> Yes Yes Yes <col> Yes Yes No <colgroup> Yes Yes No <data> Yes No No <datalist> Yes No No <dd> Yes Yes Yes <del> Yes Yes No <details> Yes No No <dfn> Yes Yes Yes <dialog> Yes No No <dir> No Yes No <div> Yes Yes Yes <dl> Yes Yes Yes <dt> Yes Yes Yes <em> Yes Yes Yes <embed> Yes No No <fieldset> Yes Yes Yes <figcaption> Yes No No <figure> Yes No No <font> No Yes No <footer> Yes No No <form> Yes Yes Yes <frame> No Yes No <frameset> No Yes No <h1> to <h6> Yes Yes Yes <head> Yes Yes Yes <header> Yes No No <hr> Yes Yes Yes <html> Yes Yes Yes <i> Yes Yes Yes <iframe> Yes Yes No <img> Yes Yes Yes <input> Yes Yes Yes <ins> Yes Yes No <kbd> Yes Yes Yes <label> Yes Yes Yes <legend> Yes Yes Yes <li> Yes Yes Yes <link> Yes Yes Yes <main> Yes No No <map> Yes Yes No <mark> Yes No No <meta> Yes Yes Yes <meter> Yes No No <nav> Yes No No <noframes> No Yes No <noscript> Yes Yes Yes <object> Yes Yes Yes <ol> Yes Yes Yes <optgroup> Yes Yes Yes <option> Yes Yes Yes <output> Yes No No <p> Yes Yes Yes <param> Yes Yes Yes <picture> Yes No No <pre> Yes Yes Yes <progress> Yes No No <q> Yes Yes Yes <rp> Yes No No <rt> Yes No No <ruby> Yes No No <s> Yes Yes No <samp> Yes Yes Yes <script> Yes Yes Yes <section> Yes No No <select> Yes Yes Yes <small> Yes Yes Yes <source> Yes No No <span> Yes Yes Yes <strike> No Yes No <strong> Yes Yes Yes <style> Yes Yes Yes <sub> Yes Yes Yes <summary> Yes No No <sup> Yes Yes Yes <table> Yes Yes Yes <tbody> Yes Yes No <td> Yes Yes Yes <template> Yes No No <textarea> Yes Yes Yes <tfoot> Yes Yes No <th> Yes Yes Yes <thead> Yes Yes No <time> Yes No No <title> Yes Yes Yes <tr> Yes Yes Yes <track> Yes No No <tt> No Yes Yes <u> Yes Yes No <ul> Yes Yes Yes <var> Yes Yes Yes <video> Yes No No <wbr> Yes No No

HTML Audio/Video DOM Reference HTML Audio and Video DOM Reference The HTML5 DOM has methods, properties, and events for the <audio> and <video> elements. HTML Audio/Video Methods Method Description addTextTrack() Adds a new text track to the audio/video canPlayType() Checks if the browser can play the specified audio/video type load() Re-loads the audio/video element play() Starts playing the audio/video pause() Pauses the currently playing audio/video HTML Audio/Video Properties Property Description audioTracks Returns an AudioTrackList object representing available audio tracks autoplay Sets or returns whether the audio/video should start playing as soon as it is loaded buffered Returns a TimeRanges object representing the buffered parts of the audio/video controller Returns the MediaController object representing the current media controller of the audio/video controls Sets or returns whether the audio/video should display controls (like play/pause etc.) crossOrigin Sets or returns the CORS settings of the audio/video currentSrc Returns the URL of the current audio/video currentTime Sets or returns the current playback position in the audio/video (in seconds) defaultMuted Sets or returns whether the audio/video should be muted by default defaultPlaybackRate Sets or returns the default speed of the audio/video playback duration Returns the length of the current audio/video (in seconds) ended Returns whether the playback of the audio/video has ended or not error Returns a MediaError object representing the error state of the audio/video loop Sets or returns whether the audio/video should start over again when finished mediaGroup Sets or returns the group the audio/video belongs to (used to link multiple audio/video elements) muted Sets or returns whether the audio/video is muted or not networkState Returns the current network state of the audio/video paused Returns whether the audio/video is paused or not playbackRate Sets or returns the speed of the audio/video playback played Returns a TimeRanges object representing the played parts of the audio/video preload Sets or returns whether the audio/video should be loaded when the page loads readyState Returns the current ready state of the audio/video seekable Returns a TimeRanges object representing the seekable parts of the audio/video seeking Returns whether the user is currently seeking in the audio/video src Sets or returns the current source of the audio/video element startDate Returns a Date object representing the current time offset textTracks Returns a TextTrackList object representing the available text tracks videoTracks Deprecated. Do not use it. volume Sets or returns the volume of the audio/video HTML Audio/Video Events Event Description abort Fires when the loading of an audio/video is aborted canplay Fires when the browser can start playing the audio/video canplaythrough Fires when the browser can play through the audio/video without stopping for buffering durationchange Fires when the duration of the audio/video is changed emptied Fires when the current playlist is empty ended Fires when the current playlist is ended error Fires when an error occurred during the loading of an audio/video loadeddata Fires when the browser has loaded the current frame of the audio/video loadedmetadata Fires when the browser has loaded meta data for the audio/video loadstart Fires when the browser starts looking for the audio/video pause Fires when the audio/video has been paused play Fires when the audio/video has been started or is no longer paused playing Fires when the audio/video is playing after having been paused or stopped for buffering progress Fires when the browser is downloading the audio/video ratechange Fires when the playing speed of the audio/video is changed seeked Fires when the user is finished moving/skipping to a new position in the audio/video seeking Fires when the user starts moving/skipping to a new position in the audio/video stalled Fires when the browser is trying to get media data, but data is not available suspend Fires when the browser is intentionally not getting media data timeupdate Fires when the current playback position has changed volumechange Fires when the volume has been changed waiting Fires when the video stops because it needs to buffer the next frame

HTML Canvas Reference The <canvas> element defines a bitmapped area in an HTML page. The Canvas API allows JavaScript to draw graphics on the canvas. The Canvas API can draw shapes, lines, curves, boxes, text, and images, with colors, rotations, transparencies, and other pixel manipulations. You can add a canvas element anywhere in an HTML page with the <canvas> tag: Example <canvas id="myCanvas" width="300" height="150"></canvas> You can access a <canvas> element with the HTML DOM method getElementById(). To draw in the canvas you need to create a 2D context object: const myCanvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas"); const ctx = myCanvas.getContext("2d"); Note The HTML <canvas> element itself has no drawing abilities. You must use JavaScript to draw any graphics. The getContext() method returns an object with tools (methods) for drawing. Drawing on the Canvas After you have created a 2D context, you can draw on the canvas. The fillRect() method draws a black rectangle with a top-left corner at position 20,20. The rectangle is 150 pixel wide and 100 pixels high. Example const myCanvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas"); const ctx = myCanvas.getContext("2d"); ctx.fillRect(20, 20, 150, 100); Using Colors The fillStyle property sets the fill color of the drawing object: Example const myCanvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas"); const ctx = myCanvas.getContext("2d"); ctx.fillStyle = "red"; ctx.fillRect(20, 20, 150, 100); You can also create a new <canvas> element with the document.createElement() method, and add the element to an existing HTML page: Example const myCanvas = document.createElement("canvas"); document.body.appendChild(myCanvas); const ctx = myCanvas.getContext("2d"); ctx.fillStyle = "red"; ctx.fillRect(20, 20, 150, 100); Paths The common way to draw on the canvas is to: Begin a Path - beginPath() Move to a Point - moveTo() Draw in the Path - lineTo() Draw the Path - stroke() Example const canvas = document.getElementById("myCanvas"); const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d"); ctx.beginPath(); ctx.moveTo(20, 20); ctx.lineTo(20, 100); ctx.lineTo(70, 100); ctx.stroke(); Complete Canvas API Reference This reference covers all Properties and Methods of the getContext("2d") Object, used to draw text, lines, boxes, circles, pictures, and more on the canvas. Drawing Methods There are only 3 methods to draw directly on the canvas: Method Description fillRect() Draws a "filled" rectangle strokeRect() Draws a rectangle (with no fill) clearRect() Clears specified pixels within a rectangle Path Methods Method Description beginPath() Begins a new path or resets the current path closePath() Adds a line to the path from the current point to the start isPointInPath() Returns true if the specified point is in the current path moveTo() Moves the path to a point in the canvas (without drawing) lineTo() Adds a line to the the path fill() Fills the current path rect() Adds a rectangle to the path stroke() Draws the current path Circles and Curves bezierCurveTo() Adds a cubic Bézier curve to the path arc() Adds an arc/curve (circle, or parts of a circle) to the path arcTo() Adds an arc/curve between two tangents to the path quadraticCurveTo() Adds a quadratic Bézier curve to the path Text Method/Prop Description direction Sets or returns the direction used to draw text fillText() Draws "filled" text on the canvas font Sets or returns the font properties for text content measureText() Returns an object that contains the width of the specified text strokeText() Draws text on the canvas textAlign Sets or returns the alignment for text content textBaseline Sets or returns the text baseline used when drawing text Colors, Styles, and Shadows Method/Property Description addColorStop() Specifies the colors and stop positions in a gradient object createLinearGradient() Creates a linear gradient (to use on canvas content) createPattern() Repeats a specified element in the specified direction createRadialGradient() Creates a radial/circular gradient (to use on canvas content) fillStyle Sets or returns the color, gradient, or pattern used to fill the drawing lineCap Sets or returns the style of the end caps for a line lineJoin Sets or returns the type of corner created, when two lines meet lineWidth Sets or returns the current line width miterLimit Sets or returns the maximum miter length shadowBlur Sets or returns the blur level for shadows shadowColor Sets or returns the color to use for shadows shadowOffsetX Sets or returns the horizontal distance of the shadow from the shape shadowOffsetY Sets or returns the vertical distance of the shadow from the shape strokeStyle Sets or returns the color, gradient, or pattern used for strokes Transformations Method Description scale() Scales the current drawing bigger or smaller rotate() Rotates the current drawing translate() Remaps the (0,0) position on the canvas transform() Replaces the current transformation matrix for the drawing setTransform() Resets the current transform to the identity matrix. Then runs transform() Image Drawing Method Description drawImage() Draws an image, canvas, or video onto the canvas The ImageData Object / Pixel Manipulation Method/Property Description createImageData() Creates a new, blank ImageData object getImageData() Returns an ImageData object that copies the pixel data for the specified rectangle on a canvas ImageData.data Returns an object that contains image data of a specified ImageData object ImageData.height Returns the height of an ImageData object ImageData.width Returns the width of an ImageData object putImageData() Puts the image data (from a specified ImageData object) back onto the canvas Compositing Property Description globalAlpha Sets or returns the current alpha or transparency value of the drawing globalCompositeOperation Sets or returns how a new image are drawn onto an existing image Other Methods Method Description clip() Clips a region of any shape and size from the original canvas save() Saves the state of the current drawing context and all its attributes restore() Restores the previously saved state and attributes createEvent() getContext() toDataURL() Standard Properties and Events The canvas object also supports the standard properties and events. Related Pages Canvas tutorial: Canvas Tutorial HTML tutorial: HTML5 Canvas HTML reference: HTML <canvas> tag Browser Support The <canvas> element is an HTML5 standard (2014). Canvas API is supported in all modern browsers: Chrome Edge Firefox Safari Opera IE Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 9-11

HTML Color Names Color Names Supported by All Browsers All modern browsers support the following 140 color names (click on a color name, or a hex value, to view the color as the background-color along with different text colors): For a full overview of HTML colors, visit our colors tutorial. AliceBlue #F0F8FF Color Mixer Color Picker AntiqueWhite #FAEBD7 Color Mixer Color Picker Aqua #00FFFF Color Mixer Color Picker Aquamarine #7FFFD4 Color Mixer Color Picker Azure #F0FFFF Color Mixer Color Picker Beige #F5F5DC Color Mixer Color Picker Bisque #FFE4C4 Color Mixer Color Picker Black #000000 Color Mixer Color Picker BlanchedAlmond #FFEBCD Color Mixer Color Picker Blue #0000FF Color Mixer Color Picker BlueViolet #8A2BE2 Color Mixer Color Picker Brown #A52A2A Color Mixer Color Picker BurlyWood #DEB887 Color Mixer Color Picker CadetBlue #5F9EA0 Color Mixer Color Picker Chartreuse #7FFF00 Color Mixer Color Picker Chocolate #D2691E Color Mixer Color Picker Coral #FF7F50 Color Mixer Color Picker CornflowerBlue #6495ED Color Mixer Color Picker Cornsilk #FFF8DC Color Mixer Color Picker Crimson #DC143C Color Mixer Color Picker Cyan #00FFFF Color Mixer Color Picker DarkBlue #00008B Color Mixer Color Picker DarkCyan #008B8B Color Mixer Color Picker DarkGoldenRod #B8860B Color Mixer Color Picker DarkGray #A9A9A9 Color Mixer Color Picker DarkGrey #A9A9A9 Color Mixer Color Picker DarkGreen #006400 Color Mixer Color Picker DarkKhaki #BDB76B Color Mixer Color Picker DarkMagenta #8B008B Color Mixer Color Picker DarkOliveGreen #556B2F Color Mixer Color Picker DarkOrange #FF8C00 Color Mixer Color Picker DarkOrchid #9932CC Color Mixer Color Picker DarkRed #8B0000 Color Mixer Color Picker DarkSalmon #E9967A Color Mixer Color Picker DarkSeaGreen #8FBC8F Color Mixer Color Picker DarkSlateBlue #483D8B Color Mixer Color Picker DarkSlateGray #2F4F4F Color Mixer Color Picker DarkSlateGrey #2F4F4F Color Mixer Color Picker DarkTurquoise #00CED1 Color Mixer Color Picker DarkViolet #9400D3 Color Mixer Color Picker DeepPink #FF1493 Color Mixer Color Picker DeepSkyBlue #00BFFF Color Mixer Color Picker DimGray #696969 Color Mixer Color Picker DimGrey #696969 Color Mixer Color Picker DodgerBlue #1E90FF Color Mixer Color Picker FireBrick #B22222 Color Mixer Color Picker FloralWhite #FFFAF0 Color Mixer Color Picker ForestGreen #228B22 Color Mixer Color Picker Fuchsia #FF00FF Color Mixer Color Picker Gainsboro #DCDCDC Color Mixer Color Picker GhostWhite #F8F8FF Color Mixer Color Picker Gold #FFD700 Color Mixer Color Picker GoldenRod #DAA520 Color Mixer Color Picker Gray #808080 Color Mixer Color Picker Grey #808080 Color Mixer Color Picker Green #008000 Color Mixer Color Picker GreenYellow #ADFF2F Color Mixer Color Picker HoneyDew #F0FFF0 Color Mixer Color Picker HotPink #FF69B4 Color Mixer Color Picker IndianRed #CD5C5C Color Mixer Color Picker Indigo #4B0082 Color Mixer Color Picker Ivory #FFFFF0 Color Mixer Color Picker Khaki #F0E68C Color Mixer Color Picker Lavender #E6E6FA Color Mixer Color Picker LavenderBlush #FFF0F5 Color Mixer Color Picker LawnGreen #7CFC00 Color Mixer Color Picker LemonChiffon #FFFACD Color Mixer Color Picker LightBlue #ADD8E6 Color Mixer Color Picker LightCoral #F08080 Color Mixer Color Picker LightCyan #E0FFFF Color Mixer Color Picker LightGoldenRodYellow #FAFAD2 Color Mixer Color Picker LightGray #D3D3D3 Color Mixer Color Picker LightGrey #D3D3D3 Color Mixer Color Picker LightGreen #90EE90 Color Mixer Color Picker LightPink #FFB6C1 Color Mixer Color Picker LightSalmon #FFA07A Color Mixer Color Picker LightSeaGreen #20B2AA Color Mixer Color Picker LightSkyBlue #87CEFA Color Mixer Color Picker LightSlateGray #778899 Color Mixer Color Picker LightSlateGrey #778899 Color Mixer Color Picker LightSteelBlue #B0C4DE Color Mixer Color Picker LightYellow #FFFFE0 Color Mixer Color Picker Lime #00FF00 Color Mixer Color Picker LimeGreen #32CD32 Color Mixer Color Picker Linen #FAF0E6 Color Mixer Color Picker Magenta #FF00FF Color Mixer Color Picker Maroon #800000 Color Mixer Color Picker MediumAquaMarine #66CDAA Color Mixer Color Picker MediumBlue #0000CD Color Mixer Color Picker MediumOrchid #BA55D3 Color Mixer Color Picker MediumPurple #9370DB Color Mixer Color Picker MediumSeaGreen #3CB371 Color Mixer Color Picker MediumSlateBlue #7B68EE Color Mixer Color Picker MediumSpringGreen #00FA9A Color Mixer Color Picker MediumTurquoise #48D1CC Color Mixer Color Picker MediumVioletRed #C71585 Color Mixer Color Picker MidnightBlue #191970 Color Mixer Color Picker MintCream #F5FFFA Color Mixer Color Picker MistyRose #FFE4E1 Color Mixer Color Picker Moccasin #FFE4B5 Color Mixer Color Picker NavajoWhite #FFDEAD Color Mixer Color Picker Navy #000080 Color Mixer Color Picker OldLace #FDF5E6 Color Mixer Color Picker Olive #808000 Color Mixer Color Picker OliveDrab #6B8E23 Color Mixer Color Picker Orange #FFA500 Color Mixer Color Picker OrangeRed #FF4500 Color Mixer Color Picker Orchid #DA70D6 Color Mixer Color Picker PaleGoldenRod #EEE8AA Color Mixer Color Picker PaleGreen #98FB98 Color Mixer Color Picker PaleTurquoise #AFEEEE Color Mixer Color Picker PaleVioletRed #DB7093 Color Mixer Color Picker PapayaWhip #FFEFD5 Color Mixer Color Picker PeachPuff #FFDAB9 Color Mixer Color Picker Peru #CD853F Color Mixer Color Picker Pink #FFC0CB Color Mixer Color Picker Plum #DDA0DD Color Mixer Color Picker PowderBlue #B0E0E6 Color Mixer Color Picker Purple #800080 Color Mixer Color Picker RebeccaPurple #663399 Color Mixer Color Picker Red #FF0000 Color Mixer Color Picker RosyBrown #BC8F8F Color Mixer Color Picker RoyalBlue #4169E1 Color Mixer Color Picker SaddleBrown #8B4513 Color Mixer Color Picker Salmon #FA8072 Color Mixer Color Picker SandyBrown #F4A460 Color Mixer Color Picker SeaGreen #2E8B57 Color Mixer Color Picker SeaShell #FFF5EE Color Mixer Color Picker Sienna #A0522D Color Mixer Color Picker Silver #C0C0C0 Color Mixer Color Picker SkyBlue #87CEEB Color Mixer Color Picker SlateBlue #6A5ACD Color Mixer Color Picker SlateGray #708090 Color Mixer Color Picker SlateGrey #708090 Color Mixer Color Picker Snow #FFFAFA Color Mixer Color Picker SpringGreen #00FF7F Color Mixer Color Picker SteelBlue #4682B4 Color Mixer Color Picker Tan #D2B48C Color Mixer Color Picker Teal #008080 Color Mixer Color Picker Thistle #D8BFD8 Color Mixer Color Picker Tomato #FF6347 Color Mixer Color Picker Turquoise #40E0D0 Color Mixer Color Picker Violet #EE82EE Color Mixer Color Picker Wheat #F5DEB3 Color Mixer Color Picker White #FFFFFF Color Mixer Color Picker WhiteSmoke #F5F5F5 Color Mixer Color Picker Yellow #FFFF00 Color Mixer Color Picker YellowGreen #9ACD32 Color Mixer Color Picker

HTML Event Attributes Global Event Attributes HTML has the ability to let events trigger actions in a browser, like starting a JavaScript when a user clicks on an element. To learn more about programming events, please visit our JavaScript tutorial. Below are the global event attributes that can be added to HTML elements to define event actions. Window Event Attributes Events triggered for the window object (applies to the <body> tag): Attribute Value Description onafterprint script Script to be run after the document is printed onbeforeprint script Script to be run before the document is printed onbeforeunload script Script to be run when the document is about to be unloaded onerror script Script to be run when an error occurs onhashchange script Script to be run when there has been changes to the anchor part of the a URL onload script Fires after the page is finished loading onmessage script Script to be run when the message is triggered onoffline script Script to be run when the browser starts to work offline ononline script Script to be run when the browser starts to work online onpagehide script Script to be run when a user navigates away from a page onpageshow script Script to be run when a user navigates to a page onpopstate script Script to be run when the window's history changes onresize script Fires when the browser window is resized onstorage script Script to be run when a Web Storage area is updated onunload script Fires once a page has unloaded (or the browser window has been closed) Form Events Events triggered by actions inside a HTML form (applies to almost all HTML elements, but is most used in form elements): Attribute Value Description onblur script Fires the moment that the element loses focus onchange script Fires the moment when the value of the element is changed oncontextmenu script Script to be run when a context menu is triggered onfocus script Fires the moment when the element gets focus oninput script Script to be run when an element gets user input oninvalid script Script to be run when an element is invalid onreset script Fires when the Reset button in a form is clicked onsearch script Fires when the user writes something in a search field (for <input="search">) onselect script Fires after some text has been selected in an element onsubmit script Fires when a form is submitted Keyboard Events Attribute Value Description onkeydown script Fires when a user is pressing a key onkeypress script Fires when a user presses a key onkeyup script Fires when a user releases a key Mouse Events Attribute Value Description onclick script Fires on a mouse click on the element ondblclick script Fires on a mouse double-click on the element onmousedown script Fires when a mouse button is pressed down on an element onmousemove script Fires when the mouse pointer is moving while it is over an element onmouseout script Fires when the mouse pointer moves out of an element onmouseover script Fires when the mouse pointer moves over an element onmouseup script Fires when a mouse button is released over an element onmousewheel script Deprecated. Use the onwheel attribute instead onwheel script Fires when the mouse wheel rolls up or down over an element Drag Events Attribute Value Description ondrag script Script to be run when an element is dragged ondragend script Script to be run at the end of a drag operation ondragenter script Script to be run when an element has been dragged to a valid drop target ondragleave script Script to be run when an element leaves a valid drop target ondragover script Script to be run when an element is being dragged over a valid drop target ondragstart script Script to be run at the start of a drag operation ondrop script Script to be run when dragged element is being dropped onscroll script Script to be run when an element's scrollbar is being scrolled Clipboard Events Attribute Value Description oncopy script Fires when the user copies the content of an element oncut script Fires when the user cuts the content of an element onpaste script Fires when the user pastes some content in an element Media Events Events triggered by medias like videos, images and audio (applies to all HTML elements, but is most common in media elements, like <audio>, <embed>, <img>, <object>, and <video>). Tip: Look at our HTML Audio and Video DOM Reference for more information. Attribute Value Description onabort script Script to be run on abort oncanplay script Script to be run when a file is ready to start playing (when it has buffered enough to begin) oncanplaythrough script Script to be run when a file can be played all the way to the end without pausing for buffering oncuechange script Script to be run when the cue changes in a <track> element ondurationchange script Script to be run when the length of the media changes onemptied script Script to be run when something bad happens and the file is suddenly unavailable (like unexpectedly disconnects) onended script Script to be run when the media has reach the end (a useful event for messages like "thanks for listening") onerror script Script to be run when an error occurs when the file is being loaded onloadeddata script Script to be run when media data is loaded onloadedmetadata script Script to be run when meta data (like dimensions and duration) are loaded onloadstart script Script to be run just as the file begins to load before anything is actually loaded onpause script Script to be run when the media is paused either by the user or programmatically onplay script Script to be run when the media is ready to start playing onplaying script Script to be run when the media actually has started playing onprogress script Script to be run when the browser is in the process of getting the media data onratechange script Script to be run each time the playback rate changes (like when a user switches to a slow motion or fast forward mode) onseeked script Script to be run when the seeking attribute is set to false indicating that seeking has ended onseeking script Script to be run when the seeking attribute is set to true indicating that seeking is active onstalled script Script to be run when the browser is unable to fetch the media data for whatever reason onsuspend script Script to be run when fetching the media data is stopped before it is completely loaded for whatever reason ontimeupdate script Script to be run when the playing position has changed (like when the user fast forwards to a different point in the media) onvolumechange script Script to be run each time the volume is changed which (includes setting the volume to "mute") onwaiting script Script to be run when the media has paused but is expected to resume (like when the media pauses to buffer more data) Misc Events Attribute Value Description ontoggle script Fires when the user opens or closes the <details> element

HTML Reference - Browser Support HTML Reference With Browser Support The table below lists all HTML elements and their attributes, along with browser support: <a> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes download 14.0 18.0 20.0 10.1 15.0 href Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes hreflang Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes media Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ping Yes No Yes No Yes referrerpolicy 51.0 79.0 50.0 11.1 38.0 rel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes target Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes type Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <abbr> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <address> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <area> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes alt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes coords Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes download Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes href Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes hreflang Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes media Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes referrerpolicy 51.0 79.0 50.0 11.1 38.0 rel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes shape Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes target Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes type Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <article> 6.0 9.0 4.0 5.0 11.1 <aside> 6.0 9.0 4.0 5.0 11.1 <audio> 4.0 9.0 3.5 4.0 11.5 autoplay 4.0 9.0 3.5 4.0 11.5 controls 4.0 9.0 3.5 4.0 11.5 loop 4.0 9.0 3.5 4.0 11.5 muted 4.0 10.0 11.0 7.1 11.5 preload 4.0 9.0 4.0 4.0 11.5 src 4.0 9.0 3.5 4.0 11.5 <b> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <base> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes href Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes target Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <bdi> 16.0 79.0 10.0 No 15.0 <bdo> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes dir Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <blockquote> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes cite Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <body> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <br> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <button> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes autofocus 5.0 10.0 4.0 5.0 9.6 disabled Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes form 10.0 16.0 4.0 5.1 9.5 formaction 9.0 10.0 4.0 5.1 15.0 formenctype 9.0 10.0 4.0 5.1 11.5 formmethod 9.0 10.0 4.0 5.1 15.0 formnovalidate 6.0 11.0 4.0 Yes Yes formtarget 9.0 10.0 4.0 5.1 10.6 name Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes type Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes value Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <canvas> 4.0 9.0 2.0 3.1 9.0 height 4.0 9.0 2.0 3.1 9.0 width 4.0 9.0 2.0 3.1 9.0 <caption> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <cite> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <code> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <col> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes span Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <colgroup> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes span Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <data> 62.0 13.0 22.0 No 49.0 value 62.0 13.0 22.0 No 49.0 <datalist> 20.0 10.0 4.0 12.1 9.5 <dd> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <del> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes cite Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes datetime Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <details> 12.0 79.0 49.0 6.0 15.0 open 12.0 79.0 49.0 6.0 15.0 <dfn> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <dialog> 37.0 79.0 53.0* No 24.0 open 37.0 79.0 53.0* No 24.0 * Not supported by default, but can be enabled in about:config (set dom.dialog_element.enabled to true). <div> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <dl> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <dt> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <em> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <embed> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes height Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes src Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes type Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes width Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <fieldset> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes disabled Yes Yes Yes 6.0 Yes form Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes name Yes 11.0 Yes Yes Yes <figcaption> 8.0 9.0 4.0 5.1 11.0 <figure> 8.0 9.0 4.0 5.1 11.0 <footer> 5.0 9.0 4.0 5.0 11.1 <form> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes accept-charset Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes action Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes autocomplete Yes Yes 4.0 5.2 15.0 enctype Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes method Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes name Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes novalidate Yes 10.0 4.0 10.1 15.0 rel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes target Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <h1> - <h6> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <head> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <header> 5.0 9.0 4.0 5.0 11.1 <hr> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <html> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes xmlns Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <i> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <iframe> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes allow 60.0 79.0 74.0 11.1 47.0 allowfullscreen 27.0 11.0 -ms- 18.0 7.0 Yes allowpaymentrequest No No No No No height Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes name Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes referrerpolicy 51.0 79.0 50.0 11.1 38.0 sandbox 4.0 10.0 17.0 5.0 15.0 src Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes srcdoc 20.0 79.0 25.0 6.0 15.0 width Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <img> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes alt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes crossorigin Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes height Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ismap Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes loading 77.0 79.0 75.0 No 64.0 longdesc Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes referrerpolicy 51.0 79.0 50.0 11.1 38.0 sizes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes src Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes srcset 34.0 ? 38.0 8.0 21.0 usemap Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes width Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <input> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes accept 26.0 10.0 37.0 11.1 15.0 alt Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes autocomplete 17.0 6.0 2.0 5.1 10.0 autofocus 5.0 11.0 4.0 5.0 9.6 checked Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes dirname Yes 79.0 No Yes Yes disabled Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes form Yes Yes Yes 5.1 10.6 formaction Yes 10.0 Yes 5.1 10.6 formenctype Yes 10.0 Yes 5.1 10.6 formmethod Yes 10.0 Yes 5.1 10.6 formnovalidate Yes 10.0 Yes 10.1 10.6 formtarget Yes 10.0 Yes 5.1 10.6 height Yes Yes 16.0 Yes Yes list 20.0 10.0 4.0 No 9.6 max 5.0 10.0 16.0 5.1 10.6 maxlength 4.0 10.0 4.0 5.1 15.0 min 5.0 10.0 16.0 5.1 10.6 minlength 40.0 17.0 51.0 10.1 27.0 multiple 6.0 10.0 3.6 5.0 11.0 name Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes pattern 5.0 10.0 4.0 10.1 9.6 placeholder 10.0 10.0 4.0 5.0 11.0 readonly Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes required 5.0 10.0 4.0 10.1 9.6 size Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes src Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes step 6.0 10.0 16.0 5.0 10.6 type Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes value Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes width Yes Yes 16.0 Yes Yes <ins> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes cite Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes datetime Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <kbd> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <label> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes for Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes form Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <legend> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <li> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes value Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <link> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes crossorigin 25.0 79.0 18.0 ? 15.0 href Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes hreflang Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes media Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes referrerpolicy 51.0 79.0 50.0 11.1 38.0 rel Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes sizes No No No No No title Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes type Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <main> 26.0 12.0 21.0 7.0 16.0 <map> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes name Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <mark> 6.0 9.0 4.0 5.0 11.1 <meta> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes charset Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes content Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes http_equiv Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes name Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <meter> 8.0 13.0 16.0 6.0 11.5 form No No No No No high 8.0 13.0 16.0 6.0 11.5 low 8.0 13.0 16.0 6.0 11.5 max 8.0 13.0 16.0 6.0 11.5 min 8.0 13.0 16.0 6.0 11.5 optimum 8.0 13.0 16.0 6.0 11.5 value 8.0 13.0 16.0 6.0 11.5 <nav> 5.0 9.0 4.0 5.0 11.1 <noscript> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <object> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes data Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes form No No No No No height Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes name Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes type Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes usemap No No Yes No No width Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <ol> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes reversed 18.0 79.0 18.0 6.0 12.1 start Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes type Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <optgroup> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes disabled Yes 8.0 Yes Yes Yes label Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <option> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes disabled Yes 8.0 Yes Yes Yes label Yes 8.0 No Yes Yes selected Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes value Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <output> 10.0 13.0 4.0 5.1 11.0 for 10.0 13.0 4.0 7.0 11.5 form No No No No No name 10.0 13.0 4.0 7.0 11.5 <p> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <param> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes name Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes value Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <picture> 38.0 13.0 38.0 9.1 25.0 <pre> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <progress> 8.0 10.0 16.0 6.0 11.0 max 8.0 10.0 16.0 6.0 11.0 value 8.0 10.0 16.0 6.0 11.0 <q> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes cite Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <rp> 5.0 5.5 38.0 5.0 15.0 <rt> 5.0 5.5 38.0 5.0 15.0 <ruby> 5.0 5.5 38.0 5.0 15.0 <s> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <samp> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <script> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes async 8.0 10.0 3.6 5.1 15.0 crossorigin 30.0 18.0 13.0 13.0 12.1 defer 8.0 10.0 3.5 5.0 15.0 integrity 45.0 17.0 43.0 13.0 66.0 nomodule 61.0 16.0 60.0 11.0 48.0 referrerpolicy 70.0 79.0 65.0 No Yes src Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes type Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <section> 5.0 9.0 4.0 5.0 11.5 <select> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes autofocus Yes 10.0 No Yes Yes disabled Yes 9.0 Yes Yes Yes form Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes multiple Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes name Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes required Yes 10.0 4.0 Yes Yes size Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <slot> 53.0 79.0 63.0 10.0 40.0 <small> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <source> 4.0 9.0 3.5 4.0 10.5 media 38.0 9.0 15.0 9.1 25.0 sizes 38.0 13.0 3.8 9.1 25.0 src 4.0 9.0 3.5 4.0 10.5 srcset 38.0 13.0 38.0 9.1 25.0 type 4.0 9.0 3.5 4.0 10.5 <span> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <strong> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <style> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes media Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes type Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <sub> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <summary> 12.0 79.0 49.0 6.0 15.0 <sup> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <svg> 4.0 9.0 3.0 3.2 10.1 <table> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <tbody> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <td> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes colspan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes headers Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes rowspan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <template> 26.0 13.0 22.0 8.0 15.0 <textarea> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes autocomplete No No 59.0 13.0 No autofocus Yes 10.0 4.0 Yes Yes cols Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes dirname Yes 79.0 No Yes Yes disabled Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes form Yes 11.0 Yes Yes Yes maxlength Yes 10.0 4.0 Yes Yes minlength Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes name Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes placeholder Yes 10.0 4.0 5.0 11.5 readonly Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes required Yes 10.0 4.0 Yes Yes rows Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes spellcheck Yes 11.0 Yes Yes Yes wrap Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <tfoot> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <th> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes abbr Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes colspan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes headers Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes rowspan Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes scope Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <thead> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <time> 62.0 18.0 22.0 7.0 49.0 datetime 62.0 18.0 22.0 7.0 49.0 <title> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <tr> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <track> 23.0 10.0 31.0 6.0 12.1 default 23.0 10.0 31.0 6.0 12.1 kind 23.0 10.0 31.0 6.0 12.1 label 23.0 10.0 31.0 6.0 12.1 src 23.0 10.0 31.0 6.0 12.1 srclang 23.0 10.0 31.0 6.0 12.1 <u> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <ul> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <var> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes <video> 4.0 9.0 3.5 3.1 11.5 autoplay 4.0 9.0 3.5 3.1 11.5 controls 4.0 9.0 3.5 3.1 11.5 height 4.0 9.0 3.5 3.1 11.5 loop 4.0 9.0 11.0 3.1 11.5 muted 30.0 10.0 11.0 5.0 Yes poster 4.0 9.0 3.6 3.1 10.5 preload 4.0 9.0 4.0 3.1 10.5 src 4.0 9.0 3.5 3.1 11.5 width 4.0 9.0 3.5 3.1 11.5 <wbr> Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

HTML Global Attributes HTML Global Attributes The global attributes are attributes that can be used with all HTML elements. Attribute Description accesskey Specifies a shortcut key to activate/focus an element class Specifies one or more classnames for an element (refers to a class in a style sheet) contenteditable Specifies whether the content of an element is editable or not data-* Used to store custom data private to the page or application dir Specifies the text direction for the content in an element draggable Specifies whether an element is draggable or not enterkeyhint Specifies the text of the enter-key on a virtual keyboard hidden Specifies that an element is not yet, or is no longer, relevant id Specifies a unique id for an element inert Specifies that the browser should ignore this section inputmode Specifies the mode of a virtual keyboard lang Specifies the language of the element's content popover Specifies a popover element spellcheck Specifies whether the element is to have its spelling and grammar checked or not style Specifies an inline CSS style for an element tabindex Specifies the tabbing order of an element title Specifies extra information about an element translate Specifies whether the content of an element should be translated or not

HTML Attribute Reference HTML Attribute Reference The table below lists all HTML attributes and what elements they can be used within: Attribute Belongs to Description accept <input> Specifies the types of files that the server accepts (only for type="file") accept-charset <form> Specifies the character encodings that are to be used for the form submission accesskey Global Attributes Specifies a shortcut key to activate/focus an element action <form> Specifies where to send the form-data when a form is submitted align Not supported in HTML 5. Specifies the alignment according to surrounding elements. Use CSS instead alt <area>, <img>, <input> Specifies an alternate text when the original element fails to display async <script> Specifies that the script is executed asynchronously (only for external scripts) autocomplete <form>, <input> Specifies whether the <form> or the <input> element should have autocomplete enabled autofocus <button>, <input>, <select>, <textarea> Specifies that the element should automatically get focus when the page loads autoplay <audio>, <video> Specifies that the audio/video will start playing as soon as it is ready bgcolor Not supported in HTML 5. Specifies the background color of an element. Use CSS instead border Not supported in HTML 5. Specifies the width of the border of an element. Use CSS instead charset <meta>, <script> Specifies the character encoding checked <input> Specifies that an <input> element should be pre-selected when the page loads (for type="checkbox" or type="radio") cite <blockquote>, <del>, <ins>, <q> Specifies a URL which explains the quote/deleted/inserted text class Global Attributes Specifies one or more class names for an element (refers to a class in a style sheet) color Not supported in HTML 5. Specifies the text color of an element. Use CSS instead cols <textarea> Specifies the visible width of a text area colspan <td>, <th> Specifies the number of columns a table cell should span content <meta> Gives the value associated with the http-equiv or name attribute contenteditable Global Attributes Specifies whether the content of an element is editable or not controls <audio>, <video> Specifies that audio/video controls should be displayed (such as a play/pause button etc.) coords <area> Specifies the coordinates of the area data <object> Specifies the URL of the resource to be used by the object data-* Global Attributes Used to store custom data private to the page or application datetime <del>, <ins>, <time> Specifies the date and time default <track> Specifies that the track is to be enabled if the user's preferences do not indicate that another track would be more appropriate defer <script> Specifies that the script is executed when the page has finished parsing (only for external scripts) dir Global Attributes Specifies the text direction for the content in an element dirname <input>, <textarea> Specifies that the text direction will be submitted disabled <button>, <fieldset>, <input>, <optgroup>, <option>, <select>, <textarea> Specifies that the specified element/group of elements should be disabled download <a>, <area> Specifies that the target will be downloaded when a user clicks on the hyperlink draggable Global Attributes Specifies whether an element is draggable or not enctype <form> Specifies how the form-data should be encoded when submitting it to the server (only for method="post") enterkeyhint Global Attributes Specifies the text of the enter-key on a virtual keyboard for <label>, <output> Specifies which form element(s) a label/calculation is bound to form <button>, <fieldset>, <input>, <label>, <meter>, <object>, <output>, <select>, <textarea> Specifies the name of the form the element belongs to formaction <button>, <input> Specifies where to send the form-data when a form is submitted. Only for type="submit" headers <td>, <th> Specifies one or more headers cells a cell is related to height <canvas>, <embed>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <object>, <video> Specifies the height of the element hidden Global Attributes Specifies that an element is not yet, or is no longer, relevant high <meter> Specifies the range that is considered to be a high value href <a>, <area>, <base>, <link> Specifies the URL of the page the link goes to hreflang <a>, <area>, <link> Specifies the language of the linked document http-equiv <meta> Provides an HTTP header for the information/value of the content attribute id Global Attributes Specifies a unique id for an element inert Global Attributes Specifies that the browser should ignore this section inputmode Global Attributes Specifies the mode of a virtual keyboard ismap <img> Specifies an image as a server-side image map kind <track> Specifies the kind of text track label <track>, <option>, <optgroup> Specifies the title of the text track lang Global Attributes Specifies the language of the element's content list <input> Refers to a <datalist> element that contains pre-defined options for an <input> element loop <audio>, <video> Specifies that the audio/video will start over again, every time it is finished low <meter> Specifies the range that is considered to be a low value max <input>, <meter>, <progress> Specifies the maximum value maxlength <input>, <textarea> Specifies the maximum number of characters allowed in an element media <a>, <area>, <link>, <source>, <style> Specifies what media/device the linked document is optimized for method <form> Specifies the HTTP method to use when sending form-data min <input>, <meter> Specifies a minimum value multiple <input>, <select> Specifies that a user can enter more than one value muted <video>, <audio> Specifies that the audio output of the video should be muted name <button>, <fieldset>, <form>, <iframe>, <input>, <map>, <meta>, <object>, <output>, <param>, <select>, <textarea> Specifies the name of the element novalidate <form> Specifies that the form should not be validated when submitted onabort <audio>, <embed>, <img>, <object>, <video> Script to be run on abort onafterprint <body> Script to be run after the document is printed onbeforeprint <body> Script to be run before the document is printed onbeforeunload <body> Script to be run when the document is about to be unloaded onblur All visible elements. Script to be run when the element loses focus oncanplay <audio>, <embed>, <object>, <video> Script to be run when a file is ready to start playing (when it has buffered enough to begin) oncanplaythrough <audio>, <video> Script to be run when a file can be played all the way to the end without pausing for buffering onchange All visible elements. Script to be run when the value of the element is changed onclick All visible elements. Script to be run when the element is being clicked oncontextmenu All visible elements. Script to be run when a context menu is triggered oncopy All visible elements. Script to be run when the content of the element is being copied oncuechange <track> Script to be run when the cue changes in a <track> element oncut All visible elements. Script to be run when the content of the element is being cut ondblclick All visible elements. Script to be run when the element is being double-clicked ondrag All visible elements. Script to be run when the element is being dragged ondragend All visible elements. Script to be run at the end of a drag operation ondragenter All visible elements. Script to be run when an element has been dragged to a valid drop target ondragleave All visible elements. Script to be run when an element leaves a valid drop target ondragover All visible elements. Script to be run when an element is being dragged over a valid drop target ondragstart All visible elements. Script to be run at the start of a drag operation ondrop All visible elements. Script to be run when dragged element is being dropped ondurationchange <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the length of the media changes onemptied <audio>, <video> Script to be run when something bad happens and the file is suddenly unavailable (like unexpectedly disconnects) onended <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the media has reach the end (a useful event for messages like "thanks for listening") onerror <audio>, <body>, <embed>, <img>, <object>, <script>, <style>, <video> Script to be run when an error occurs onfocus All visible elements. Script to be run when the element gets focus onhashchange <body> Script to be run when there has been changes to the anchor part of the a URL oninput All visible elements. Script to be run when the element gets user input oninvalid All visible elements. Script to be run when the element is invalid onkeydown All visible elements. Script to be run when a user is pressing a key onkeypress All visible elements. Script to be run when a user presses a key onkeyup All visible elements. Script to be run when a user releases a key onload <body>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <link>, <script>, <style> Script to be run when the element is finished loading onloadeddata <audio>, <video> Script to be run when media data is loaded onloadedmetadata <audio>, <video> Script to be run when meta data (like dimensions and duration) are loaded onloadstart <audio>, <video> Script to be run just as the file begins to load before anything is actually loaded onmousedown All visible elements. Script to be run when a mouse button is pressed down on an element onmousemove All visible elements. Script to be run as long as the mouse pointer is moving over an element onmouseout All visible elements. Script to be run when a mouse pointer moves out of an element onmouseover All visible elements. Script to be run when a mouse pointer moves over an element onmouseup All visible elements. Script to be run when a mouse button is released over an element onmousewheel All visible elements. Script to be run when a mouse wheel is being scrolled over an element onoffline <body> Script to be run when the browser starts to work offline ononline <body> Script to be run when the browser starts to work online onpagehide <body> Script to be run when a user navigates away from a page onpageshow <body> Script to be run when a user navigates to a page onpaste All visible elements. Script to be run when the user pastes some content in an element onpause <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the media is paused either by the user or programmatically onplay <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the media has started playing onplaying <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the media has started playing onpopstate <body> Script to be run when the window's history changes. onprogress <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the browser is in the process of getting the media data onratechange <audio>, <video> Script to be run each time the playback rate changes (like when a user switches to a slow motion or fast forward mode). onreset <form> Script to be run when a reset button in a form is clicked. onresize <body> Script to be run when the browser window is being resized. onscroll All visible elements. Script to be run when an element's scrollbar is being scrolled onsearch <input> Script to be run when the user writes something in a search field (for <input type="search">) onseeked <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the seeking attribute is set to false indicating that seeking has ended onseeking <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the seeking attribute is set to true indicating that seeking is active onselect All visible elements. Script to be run when the element gets selected onstalled <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the browser is unable to fetch the media data for whatever reason onstorage <body> Script to be run when a Web Storage area is updated onsubmit <form> Script to be run when a form is submitted onsuspend <audio>, <video> Script to be run when fetching the media data is stopped before it is completely loaded for whatever reason ontimeupdate <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the playing position has changed (like when the user fast forwards to a different point in the media) ontoggle <details> Script to be run when the user opens or closes the <details> element onunload <body> Script to be run when a page has unloaded (or the browser window has been closed) onvolumechange <audio>, <video> Script to be run each time the volume of a video/audio has been changed onwaiting <audio>, <video> Script to be run when the media has paused but is expected to resume (like when the media pauses to buffer more data) onwheel All visible elements. Script to be run when the mouse wheel rolls up or down over an element open <details> Specifies that the details should be visible (open) to the user optimum <meter> Specifies what value is the optimal value for the gauge pattern <input> Specifies a regular expression that an <input> element's value is checked against placeholder <input>, <textarea> Specifies a short hint that describes the expected value of the element popover Global Attributes Specifies a popover element popovertarget <button>, <input> Specifies which popover element to invoked popovertargetaction <button>, <input> Specifies what happens to the popover element when the button is clicked poster <video> Specifies an image to be shown while the video is downloading, or until the user hits the play button preload <audio>, <video> Specifies if and how the author thinks the audio/video should be loaded when the page loads readonly <input>, <textarea> Specifies that the element is read-only rel <a>, <area>, <form>, <link> Specifies the relationship between the current document and the linked document required <input>, <select>, <textarea> Specifies that the element must be filled out before submitting the form reversed <ol> Specifies that the list order should be descending (9,8,7...) rows <textarea> Specifies the visible number of lines in a text area rowspan <td>, <th> Specifies the number of rows a table cell should span sandbox <iframe> Enables an extra set of restrictions for the content in an <iframe> scope <th> Specifies whether a header cell is a header for a column, row, or group of columns or rows selected <option> Specifies that an option should be pre-selected when the page loads shape <area> Specifies the shape of the area size <input>, <select> Specifies the width, in characters (for <input>) or specifies the number of visible options (for <select>) sizes <img>, <link>, <source> Specifies the size of the linked resource span <col>, <colgroup> Specifies the number of columns to span spellcheck Global Attributes Specifies whether the element is to have its spelling and grammar checked or not src <audio>, <embed>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <script>, <source>, <track>, <video> Specifies the URL of the media file srcdoc <iframe> Specifies the HTML content of the page to show in the <iframe> srclang <track> Specifies the language of the track text data (required if kind="subtitles") srcset <img>, <source> Specifies the URL of the image to use in different situations start <ol> Specifies the start value of an ordered list step <input> Specifies the legal number intervals for an input field style Global Attributes Specifies an inline CSS style for an element tabindex Global Attributes Specifies the tabbing order of an element target <a>, <area>, <base>, <form> Specifies the target for where to open the linked document or where to submit the form title Global Attributes Specifies extra information about an element translate Global Attributes Specifies whether the content of an element should be translated or not type <a>, <button>, <embed>, <input>, <link>, <menu>, <object>, <script>, <source>, <style> Specifies the type of element usemap <img>, <object> Specifies an image as a client-side image map value <button>, <input>, <li>, <option>, <meter>, <progress>, <param> Specifies the value of the element width <canvas>, <embed>, <iframe>, <img>, <input>, <object>, <video> Specifies the width of the element wrap <textarea> Specifies how the text in a text area is to be wrapped when submitted in a form